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Approaches to Learning
Younger Preschoolers (33-48 months)

Components and Developmental Indicators

boy holding globe -YP AL comp 1

COPMONENT 1:
Curiosity, Information-Seeking, and Eagerness

Developmental Indicators

AL Goal-1: Children demonstrate curiosity and eagerness and express interest in the world around them.
 
 
 
1

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Seek out a trusted person to approach something new.

2

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Discover things that interest and amaze them and express that interest to others.

3

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Share what they have done with others through verbal and nonverbal means (take adult or peer to the easel to see a painting).

4

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Show interest in a growing range of topics, ideas, and tasks.

AL Goal-2: Children actively seek to understand the world around them in play and everyday tasks.
 
 
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Ask questions about the people and things around them.

 
2

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Use all available senses, tools, and a variety of strategies to actively explore the environment (drop objects in water to see if they sink or float).

3

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Purposefully try different ways of doing things to see how they work (adjust blocks used as a ramp to make a ball roll faster and farther).

kid-searching-drawer-YP AL comp 2

COMPONENT 2:
Initiative, Effort, Engagement, and Persistence

Developmental Indicators

AL Goal-3: Children demonstrate initiative and effort in play and everyday tasks.
 
 
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Showing increasing independence and initiative when making choices ("I want to go to blocks.").

2

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Express goals or plans and follow through on them. (“I’m going to build a really tall tower.”)

3

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Expand self-help skills, interest, and enjoyment in doing things on their own (brushing teeth, putting on boots).

AL Goal-4: Children are engaged and maintain focus in play and everyday tasks. 
 
 
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Remain engaged in more complex activities they have chosen.

2

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Focus on age-appropriate activities for a short period of time, even with interruptions (continue painting after answering another child’s question).

3

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Maintain interest and focus and return to an activity after a break.

AL Goal-5: Children persist at challenging activities in play and everyday tasks.
 
 
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When something does not work, try different ways to complete the task (when a block tower falls, try putting the blocks together in a different way to build the tower again).

 
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When experiencing difficulty with a challenging task, ask for and accept help from peers or adults (ask for help putting materials away on a high shelf; ask a friend for help in naming an unfamiliar animal in a book).

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COMPONENT 3:
Risk-Taking, Problem-Solving, Flexibility, and Resilience

Developmental Indicators

AL Goal-6: Children are willing to try new and challenging experiences in play and everyday tasks.
 
 
1

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Express a belief that they can do things that are hard.

2

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Choose to participate in an increasing variety of new experiences when offered.

3

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Show flexibility by adapting to changes in routines and situations.

 
 
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Accept new challenges and opportunities when offered.

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Try things they are not sure they can do, while avoiding dangerous risks.

AL Goal-7: Children use a variety of strategies to solve problems in play and everyday tasks.
 
 
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Welcome new challenges (add additional pieces to a new construction toy).

2

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Seek and make use of ideas and help from adults and peers to solve problems.

3

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Purposefully attempt several different strategies when encountering difficulty during daily routines or when using materials.

 
 
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Talk to themselves to work through the steps to solve a problem.

 
2

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Recovers from setbacks with the support of an adult ("What happened?" "It fell over." "Should we build it again?" "Yeah, it's okay, let's build it again.").

 
boy-playing-pretend YP AL comp 4

COMPONENT 4:
Play and Imagination

Developmental Indicators

AL Goal-8: Children engage in increasingly complex play.
 
 
1

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Engage in pretend play themes that include interacting with peers, but often these are not coordinated.

2

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Talk to peers and share materials during play.

 
3

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Engage in make-believe play with imaginary objects.

 
 
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Use language to begin and carry on play with others.

 
2

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Express knowledge of their everyday lives and culture through play (pretends to shop at a farmer’s market and prepare a meal, pretends to fix hair the way his/her family styles hair).

 

AL Goal-9: Children demonstrate creativity, imagination, and inventiveness in play and everyday tasks.
 
 
1

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Explore and experiment with a wide variety of materials and activities.

2

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Use imagination to try new ways of doing things and work with materials in creative ways.

3

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Use materials (art materials, instruments, construction, writing implements) or actions to represent experiences or ideas in inventive ways.

4

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Experiment with language, musical sounds, and movement.